jobs in the bible - farmer
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agriculture in Bible times
These are except of articles, photos and link to videos copied from the Internet
In first century Palestine grain crops were very important. When autumn rains had softened the ground, furrows were made by a simple wooden plough pulled by an ox. Seed was scattered by hand and the spring rains brought on the crop. To reap, farmers either pulled out the plants whole or else cut the stalks with a wooden sickle which had sharp flints set into the cutting edge. The stalks were carried to a hard level piece of ground known as the threshing-floor, where either the hooves of oxen or an ox-pulled wooden sledge was used to separate the straw from the grain.
During the period of evening breeze, the threshed stalks were winnowed by tossing it into the air with a pronged fork. The wind blew the light straw away from the floor, where it could be picked up and tied into bundles later for firing domestic ovens. The winnowing was completed by the use of a shovel, by which means the dust was removed too. The pure grain was then measured and bagged for use or sale.
Other major crops were grapes, olives and figs. Most grapes were crushed for their juice in a wine-press and the juice fermented in order to keep it. Olives were crushed too, for their oil - a vital commodity for cooking, lighting, cleaning and medicine.
https://catholicidentity.bne.catholic.edu.au/scripture/SitePages/The-world-of-Jesus--farming-crafts-food-and-clothing.aspx?csf=1&e=P1BYqf
During the period of evening breeze, the threshed stalks were winnowed by tossing it into the air with a pronged fork. The wind blew the light straw away from the floor, where it could be picked up and tied into bundles later for firing domestic ovens. The winnowing was completed by the use of a shovel, by which means the dust was removed too. The pure grain was then measured and bagged for use or sale.
Other major crops were grapes, olives and figs. Most grapes were crushed for their juice in a wine-press and the juice fermented in order to keep it. Olives were crushed too, for their oil - a vital commodity for cooking, lighting, cleaning and medicine.
https://catholicidentity.bne.catholic.edu.au/scripture/SitePages/The-world-of-Jesus--farming-crafts-food-and-clothing.aspx?csf=1&e=P1BYqf
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Producing grain began in October or November, when the autumn rains had softened the soil. After planting the seed by scattering it by hand, the farmer went over the field again with his plow, or he dragged branches across it. This helped to bury the seed and protect it from birds or strong winds. The farmer hoed his fields from December until February to keep the weeds down.
When the grain was ready for harvest, or reaping, the workers would grab a handful of stalks and cut them with a sickle. The stalks were then tied in sheaves. This was done until the whole field was cut down. A lot of workers were needed to do this kind of work. The grain that was not tied in sheaves was left for the widows and poor people who came to glean behind the reapers as they worked. |
After it was tied into sheaves, the grain was hauled to the threshing floor. Threshing separated the stems from the kernels of grain. The oldest method was to beat the stalks with a flail (a long, flexible stick). Another way to thresh was to use oxen pulling a wooden threshing sledge over the grain. The oxen’s hooves also helped separate the kernels of grain from the stalks.
After threshing, winnowing was done. Winnowing does a more precise job of separating the wheat from the chaff. The chaff is useless and would be burned. The farmer usually waited for a nice evening breeze, and the mixture of wheat and chaff was thrown into the wind on the threshing floor with a wooden fork and a spade, or winnowing shovel. The grain would fall to the ground, and the wind would carry the chaff away.
https://thewaymagazine.com/the-farmer-in-bible-times/
After threshing, winnowing was done. Winnowing does a more precise job of separating the wheat from the chaff. The chaff is useless and would be burned. The farmer usually waited for a nice evening breeze, and the mixture of wheat and chaff was thrown into the wind on the threshing floor with a wooden fork and a spade, or winnowing shovel. The grain would fall to the ground, and the wind would carry the chaff away.
https://thewaymagazine.com/the-farmer-in-bible-times/
Other YouTube videos to check:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ8yXH1LCL8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCs0pOal94
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ8yXH1LCL8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCs0pOal94